Archive for January, 2009

The Variety of Democratic Education: A word on terminology

Friday, January 30th, 2009

Before getting to the next section in the Variety of Democratic Education that I’ve been writing about, I wanted to mention a thought I had about terminology.

At first (tracing my thinking over the past months and even years – this dialogue goes back years) I was slightly uncomfortable defining democratic education as something broader than the definition used by the democratic schools I wrote about recently, which generally define democratic education as an approach in which students direct their own learning and where all school decisions are made democratically with equal voice for students and staff.  My first teaching job was at a democratic school, Albany Free School in upstate New York, and I still believe strongly in the practices of democratic schools and that young people deserve to direct their own learning.

Gradually, though, I came to realize that we cannot expect everyone to be “there” in terms of fully accepting the approach of a democratic school, no matter how right and natural it may seem to some of us working in and very familiar with this approach.  We must realize that the large majority of people have gone through very conventional forms of education and may never have heard about anything else. This does not mean that people cannot change to understand and support democratic schools and related approaches, and in fact based on personal experience I know that after conversations and direct experience observing these schools, many people can and do become strong supporters.

But it does tell me that it might be wise to use a broader definition of democratic education that more people can find accessible and which stays true to the core of democratic schools while also being more inclusive to other ways in which to implement human rights and democratic values in education.  Moreover, we will find more allies, collaborators, and openings to advance democratic education if we broaden the possibilities of what democratic education is in practice.

Therefore, I’ve been thinking about using the term democratic school movement to refer specifically to democratic schools like Albany Free School, Village Free School, Tokyo Shure and others, and use the broader term democratic education to describe over-riding pedagogical principles and practices that can be applied in many ways – in the democratic school movement, in great schools that don’t use the word “democratic,” by teachers running courageous student-centered programs in conventional schools around the country, by non-profit organizations, and more.

What I also like about “Democratic Education” is that the political nature of the term immediately connects our work in education to like-minded struggles in other sectors where people are working to bring the values of a democracy (freedom, equity, participation, responsibility, justice) into their realms, including the women’s rights movement, the labor movement, the peace and non-violence network, the struggle to expand health care coverage, the youth rights movement, gay and lesbian rights work, groups working against racial injustice, and the movement for environmental sustainability, among others.  We can find many more potential partners by connecting with these groups and other like-minded individuals, and working with them to create a more just, peaceful, democratic, and sustainable society.

Youth and Technology

Tuesday, January 27th, 2009

Yesterday I attended a workshop led by two New York City teachers running an exciting Web 2.0 class based around Spanish language and travel to Latino cultural spots throughout the city.  They use video and picture uploading, blogging, and mobile phone technology in their classes and to document their trips, and it was real inspiring.  Being a blogger (admittedly part-time, I’m working on it!), and having a fascination with all things Web 2.0, as evidenced by my lurking at the Personal Democracy Forum last summer, I’m naturally highly excited about the ways in which the democratic education world meshes with the growing Web 2.0 society we are building.  The links are tight, especially the values that form the basis of both the interactive online world and democratic education, including:

  •  Participation of all
  • Collaboration
  • Decentralization, the wisdom of the crowds
  • Personalization

But seeing the workshop yesterday made me think more about the possibilities of using this technology with young people and in education.  Of course, young people ARE using this technology now: they Facebook, they Twitter, they blog, they text, and they use virtual worlds, and at much higher percentages than their elders.  Some great books have been written about these technologies and how they are being used by the Millennial Generation, including Michael Connery’s Youth to Power and Ben Rigby/Rock the Vote’s Mobilizing Generation 2.0.   But I’d like to learn more about ways that young people are using these technologies in schools and in their own lives and learning.

Here are a couple fun videos about young people and Web 2.0 tools that I learned about from my friend and colleague Melia Dicker of Reschool Yourself.  They are a great way to introduce teachers and parents to these tools and how and why young people ought to be able to use them in their learning.

1.  http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_A-ZVCjfWf8

2. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dGCJ46vyR9o

Know of other good videos or examples of using web 2.0 technology in education?  Please post and share them.

Arne Duncan and Open Government

Friday, January 16th, 2009

I’ve been hesitant to comment on Arne Duncan, President-elect Obama’s choice for Secretary of Education, someone I had not heard much about before his name surfaced among those being considered for the position.

I did, however, know about and think quite highly of Linda Darling-Hammond, a thoughtful (and practicing!) educator currently at Stanford University who has been an education advisor to Obama and was also thought to be a potential Secretary of Education nominee.  Her 2007 article in The Nation clearly shows her wisdom regarding many of the changes we need in the education system, including ending the over-emphasis on testing encouraged by NCLB and promoting performance-based assessments such as science experiments and research papers, encouraging the development of critical-thinking skills and problem-solving, respecting and supporting teachers, equitable funding, and attention to non-school issues that impact young people (I’m still hoping Darling-Hammond is an Assistant Secretary of Education appointee, go to Change.org’s education site for some news and a petition along these lines).

But Duncan is the nominee.  I have read many critical commentaries on Duncan by people with more knowledge about him, including those by Chicago educators Michael Klonsky (and here with Debbie Meier from NYC on Democracy Now) and Bill Ayers and those by other leading voices in education such as Henry Giroux and Kenneth Saltman, and their points do make me quite wary of Duncan.

But I also have hope.  I have hope that the signs that Obama does believe in many of the values of democratic education will show themselves to be true, and that such values will influence Arne Duncan and the direction that Obama’s administration takes with regard to education.  I also know that the coming months and years will take continual work to keep the values and vision of democratic education in the public dialogue and part of the reform efforts that Obama and Duncan will spearhead.

So, in an effort to kick off that work and take the Obama-Duncan team at face value, in the days ahead I’ll report on what I see and hear from them as we go along.

Here’s a Duncan video responding to some of the education comments from the public on the Obama Change.gov site.  While it’s a good start in terms of open government, Duncan did not specifically mention any individual comments, and he only highlighted those ideas he supports (alternative teacher certification, improve vocational education, increase college attendance).  Understandable, at least for an initial response video, but the public will not really believe that the open government claim is authentic unless their voices are truly heard, even if the response is negative.

I’m also not too excited by the points Duncan brings up in terms of revitalizing education or connecting education to our deeply-held democratic values.  But check it out, and also check out Duncan’s confirmation hearing with the Senate Committee on Health, Education, Labor and Pensions (yes, that Senate committee has some widely divergent tasks, unless of course you think that the goal education is simply to prepare people to work and engage in “labor,” but that’s another issue!)

The Variety of Democratic Education: “Democratic Schools”

Friday, January 16th, 2009

Continuing the discussion of the variety of Democratic Education that I began a few days ago, this post explores schools that practice Democratic Education, starting with those that label themselves “democratic.”

A few sources compile lists of largely self-proclaimed democratic schools, including the Directory of Democratic Education (disclosure, this is a resource I have helped put together along with Isaac Graves and the Alternative Education Resource Organization), and the International Democratic Education Network.  These schools are those that have tapped into the grassroots democratic school network, participating in conferences such as the annual International Democratic Education Conference and the U.S.-based AERO conference, and communicating regularly through email, listserves, and conference calls.

The Directory of Democratic Education currently lists nearly 200 K-12 democratic schools in 30 countries around the world.  This includes the long-running Summerhill School in England, founded in 1920 by A.S. Neill, whose success and media coverage (especially the 1960 book Neill wrote about the school, Summerhill: A Radical Approach to Child Rearing, which has been re-published and re-appeared various times over the years) has influenced several generations of educators, students, and parents, and inspired the creation of democratic schools around the world.  While democratic or “free” schools had a first heyday in the late 1960s and early 1970s, with thousands operating at the height (see Ron Miller’s book Free Schools, Free People, 2002), another resurgence has occurred since the 1990s in part as a response to the standardization and testing movement both in the United States and other countries around the world.

Several networks of schools support the running and founding of new democratic schools, including Israel’s network of 25 schools and the global network of Sudbury Schools modeled on Sudbury Valley School in Massachusetts.  New schools start each year, such as the Manhattan Free School, which began just this past fall in New York City.  Many of these schools, at least in the United States, are private, though valiant efforts over the years have resulted in several public or charter democratic schools.  Though many of these schools have been challenged and shut down as a result of the focus on standardization and testing, several still operate today, including the Jefferson County Open School in Lakewood, Colorado (one of my favorite schools that I have visited over the years) and the Lehman Alternative Community School in Ithaca, New York.

While there is no organizational or formal recognition of what is or what is not a “democratic school,” (which is by choice so as to highlight the diversity of approaches and contexts of each community), various individuals and groups have put forth descriptions. Here’s one agreed to by participants from the 2005 IDEC in Berlin:

We believe that, in any educational setting, young people have the right:

  • to decide individually how, when, what, where and with whom they learn
  • to have an equal share in the decision-making as to how their organisations – in particular their schools – are run, and which rules and sanctions, if any, are necessary.

This is an accurate and strong statement about the importance of student-directed learning and participation in decision-making that I and others involved with democratic education hold as core values.

However, to me, what can be more respectful, inclusive, and catalytic to the work of advocating for this approach is to put forth a broad description of Democratic Education, such as the one mentioned in the previous post and copied below.*  This broad definition encompasses and upholds the powerful student self-direction and equality that is the hallmark of these self-declared democratic schools, and also embraces the variety of freedom, choice, participation, collaboration, and equity that is practiced by a much larger number of schools, teachers, student groups, non-profit organizations, colleges, and more.  And I’ll move on to those in the next post.

*Broad description of Democratic Education: Educational approaches based on human rights and our common democratic values of freedom, responsibility, participation, equity, and justice, in which young people have significant direction over their learning and there is shared decision-making among young people and adults.  Moreover, this blog supports the larger vision that democratic education is more than just an approach to learning, in that the practice of democratic education holds the potential to build a more just, sustainable, compassionate, and democratic society.

The Variety of Democratic Education: Intro

Tuesday, January 13th, 2009

I’ve been thinking about the multitude of forms and settings in which democratic education takes throughout the educational landscape.  What I mean by this is that the values and practices of democratic education are being implemented in a huge variety of ways, some of which may not be known to others who are also working in this broad democratic education umbrella.  So I thought it would be helpful to examine this diversity of practice, both to acknowledge that democratic education is indeed a broad concept, and to increase awareness and connection among those practicing democratic education in all its variety.

To start with a definition, Democratic Education, according to this blog, refers to:

Educational approaches based on human rights and our common democratic values of freedom, responsibility, participation, equity, and justice, in which young people have significant direction over their learning and there is shared decision-making among young people and adults.  Moreover, this blog supports the larger vision that democratic education is more than just an approach to learning, in that the practice of democratic education holds the potential to build a more just, sustainable, compassionate, and democratic society.

Schools, teachers, students, parents, and community members practice this form of education in numerous ways, often without using the “democratic education” terminology.  Here’s the start of a list exploring the variety of democratic education in practice, which I’ll flesh out with descriptions and examples over the coming days:

  • Schools: including those that label themselves “democratic” as well as those that practice these values yet may not use the same terminology
  • Teachers in schools: individual teachers carving out spaces for democratic education in their schools
  • Student activist groups: dedicated to youth voice and youth involvement in education dialogue, including groups formed within schools and in communities
  • Non-profit organizations: those that support democratic education practices and greater youth voice through school-based programs, out-of-school programs, and during the summer
  • Colleges: providing young adults with experiences directing their own learning and practicing shared decision-making
  • Homeschooling/unschooling: education directed by a young person and his or her family that is based on the practices of democratic education and youth-directed learning
  • Policy arena: opportunities for youth voice in policy discussions, especially those pertaining to education and schooling

Please comment and share other ideas for where and how democratic education is practiced.  This is a work in progress!

New Web Forum on Education

Tuesday, January 6th, 2009

Hey educator-bloggers, blogger-educators, student-bloggers, blogger-students, non-bloggers, and everyone in between – I’m excited to learn about the new web 2.0 site and blog dedicated to education from the Change.org folks.  As I’ve mentioned last week, Change.org aims to serve as as “the central platform informing and empowering movements for social change around the most important issues of our time.”   They organize the “Ideas” campaigned I blogged about (which is now on the second round of voting for their Top 10 Ideas through Janury 15, go and vote!)

Change.org is organized by topic area, and a recent addition to their topics included one for “Public Education” at the appealing URL, education.change.org.  The centerpiece of each topic area is a blog, which for Public Education is managed by Clay Burrell, a Humanities teacher who lives in Korea and also has a personal blog at Beyond School.  Based on what appears to be the central role of the blog on the site, Clay’s influence over the education converation might be very high.  He has already brought in a guest blogger and anyone can comment on posts, but Clay’s role seems oddly large considering the open and decentralized nature of Change.org’s mission.

Also, terming the group “public education” as opposed to just “education” or “learning” is an interesting choice and one I could quibble with in various ways (while I strongly support the spirit of public education and seek democratic educational change of the public education system, doesn’t that term leave out most of early childhood education, independent K-12 schools and colleges, informal learning, and more?  But that’s a big topic for another day).

Nonetheless, I urge folks to take a look at the site, register (it’s a simple process), and consider contributing to the dialogue.  What excites me about this forum is that Change.org already is a network of many thousands of people, they have a visually appealing and user-friendly site, and the set-up is designed to empower the numerous folks out there thinking and doing education, as Clay mentions in a recent post:

It’s early days yet on this space – we’ve only been up for three days – but one of my hopes is that it can become a repository of first-hand accounts by readers of direct experiences unavailable in the mainstream press. Those accounts can have value, I’m convinced.

One educator whose name I continually see popping up in virtually all virtual education conversations including education.change.org is Philip Kovacs, and I just wanted to give Philip a shout out here and recognize his unending energy to advocate for democratic education and the need to unite our education system and society with our democratic values.  I met Philip, an education professor, writer, and activist in Alabama, at the 2008 American Education Research Association gathering in NYC, and am honored to consider him a colleague and friend. Keep up the great work, Philip; and everyone else – keep an eye out for Philip’s wise commentary.